WHY CHRISTIANS SHOULD PRAY FOR ISRAEL AND THE JEWS.

        After rehearsing the many negative comments made by authors in the past, here is a positive exhortation from God regarding prayer for Israel and the Jews.

   The gospel is first for the Jew.- “I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile.” – Romans,ch.1,v.16.

    God’s purpose is for all Israel to be saved, –“Israel has experienced a hardening in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in. And so all Israel ill be saved.”- Romans,ch11,v25-26.

      God has commanded all believers to pray for Israel.-“ You who call on the Lord, give yourselves no rest, and give Him no rest till He establishes Jerusalem and makes her the praise of the earth.”-Isaiah,ch.62,v.6-7.                  “Pray for the peace of Jerusalem: “ May those who love you be secure . May there be peace within your walls and security within your citadels.”-Psalm 122,v.6-7.

         The apostle Paul prayed earnestly for his people…-“Brothers, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for the Israelites is that they may be saved.”-Romans,ch.10,v.1.

      Judaism is without the power to achieve salvation: it is the sovereign work of the Holy Spirit alone. –“We who are Jews by birth ….know that a man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ….because by observing the law no-one will be justified.”- Gal.ch.2,v.15-16     “For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith- and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God- not of works.”- Eph.ch.2,v.8-9

     All believers are in Jesus Christ are part of one body.-“For we were all baptised by one Spirit into one body,- whether Jews or Greeks…” 1 Cor.ch.12,v.13.

      Jews now are beginning to hear and respond to the gospel of salvation in increasing numbers.-“Prophesy to these bones and say to them, Dry bones, hear the word of the Lord.”-Ezek.ch.37,v.4

        There is a debt which everyone owes to the Jews…”for salvation is from the Jews”- John,ch.4,v.22.

      God has promised to rebuild Israel with a faithful remnant,-“After this I will return and rebuild David’s fallen tent… that the remnant of men may seek the Lord, and all the Gentiles…Acts,ch.15,v.16-17.

         God has promised to favour those who pray and bless Israel.-“I will bless those who bless you…”Gen.ch.12,v.3.

     We are urged to pray for all governments that they make decisions in God’s will, and this applies to the leadership in Israel too.-“  I urge then , first of all, that requests, prayers, intercession and thanksgiving be made for everyone- for kings and all those in authority, that we may lead peaceful and quiet lives in all godliness and holiness.”-1 Tim.ch.2,v.1.

      Pray for God to defend Israel against the non-democratic nations which surround it.-“Hear O  Lord, the cry of Judah…Oh, be his help against his foes.” Deut,ch.33,v7.

Pretexts for the hatred of the Jews…contd.

      The victimisation of Jewish minorities which was suffered in Occupied Europe during world war 11 has since then undergone a metamorphosis and has become a mindless hatred of “absentee Jews”,- Jews who have migrated from their old host countries to settle in their homeland, while a hatred lingers in the lands they have left. The relics of this age-old hatred are known as “ anti-Zionism”. This form of hatred is now rampant in most Muslim cultures, and has become more evident in the pan-African organisations, and within the great international organisations,  such as the U.N.O. and the E.U.

    It was this insane hatred of the Jews which impelled the Nazi regime towards genocide, and, of course, caused the self-destruction of that regime by its diversion of resources towards mass murder. The same hatred prompted the genocides attempted by Pharaoh, Haman, Nebuchadnezzar and Titus. This hatred was defined by Elie Wiesel in March, 2005 :- “ It was man’s inhumanity to man -  NO  !  It was man’s inhumanity to Jews. Jews were not killed because they were human beings. In the eyes of the killers, they were not human beings. They were Jews.”

       Beneath this hatred and mindless fear of the Jews is an unconscious spiritual carcinoma. Among the complex forces which generate this hatred of the Jews or anti-Zionism is a spiritual issue. Its origin does not lie in politics,economics,financial acumen of the Jews, the occupation of land, religious practices,race, or history.  It is to do with the sovereign purposes of God in His choice of Israel, and His identity as the Judaeo-Christian God and His Messiah, Jesus Christ. If  this issue is re-phrased, then this hostility is generated by the negative spirit which rejects the salvation which is from the Jews in the Person of the Messiah Jesus, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the King of the Jews.

    Therefore it could be stated that beneath all the pretexts and excuses for the hatred of the Jews is an age-old, futile opposition to God and His Messiah, and the human attempts to ignore, disrupt or circumvent His sovereign purpose to offer the only salvation which is acceptable to Him, which is, salvation by grace through faith and simple trust in His Son, Jesus Christ.

      Jesus said ,”   He who hates Me hates My Father also,”  and “They hated Me without a cause.” John’s gospel,ch.15,v23, v25.

 

                    qui  s’excuse, s’ accuse.

     ( If expanded, I think that this means :” The one who makes excuses for himself, in effect, accuses himself.)

    THE  END  OF PRETEXTS FOR HATRED  OF THE  JEWS.

    (  A MORE POSITIVE BLOG SHOULD FOLLOW THIS ! PRAISE GOD !)

Pretexts for hatred of the Jews….contd…

      It was a grievous fact that these same non-democratic states were the home of most European Jews, where they faced the murderous intentions of the local militias ,- the Iron Guard in Romania, the Ustashe in Croatia, the Arrow Cross in Hungary, and the Hlinka Guard in Slovakia. Some local populations were more more brutal in their murderous activity than their German invaders.One instance could be cited : in the Polish village of Jedwabne in July,1941 more than 1600 Jewish villagers were done to death by their neighbours.

 

   TO BE CONTINUED…

Pretexts for hatred of the Jews..contd..

     During the years in which the Holocaust took place (1941-45) many fleeing refugees and escapees were given compassionate and risky reception and sacrificial assistance by their neighbours and those in authority.  Even before those years, the Jewish community in Germany realised that a storm was gathering after the events of  “Kristallnacht” ( November, 10th. 1938), when 1000 synagogues were destroyed and 91 Jews were murdered. The Jewish authorities asked for the British to allow their children to be evacuated to the Mandated territory in Palestine. Britain refused this request in order not to offend the resident Arabs. Despite this set-back, the Jewish leaders in Britain persuaded Parliament to admit some Jewish children and give them refuge , and 198 children arrived in December of that year at Harwich.

    There is the testimony of many hundreds in Occupied Europe who were saved from certain death by friendly small-holders, farmers, partisans, officials, and even the local police. Such unsolicited favour and mercy shown to so many stands in sharp contrast to the malicious treatment accorded to many Jews by local populations who collaborated readily with the S.S. squads and the Einsatzgruppen in the detention and murder of their erstwhile Jewish neighbours throughout Occupied Europe. In many countries the civil servants, gendarmerie, police, and partisans willingly co-operated with their Nazi overlords in the extermination programme devised by their conquerors. Such localised hostility towards indigenous Jews seems to have been the outworking of a pan-European phenomenon which welled-up as a release valve in the newly-created autocracies which arose on the ruins of old monarchies after world war 1. These illiberal autocracies in Soviet Russia, Italy, Austria, Romania,Hungary, Bulgaria, Albania, Yugoslavia, Poland, Greece, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania stifled popular dissent. As a result there was a surrender of individual and collective social responsibility to the powers of the state machine, which was generally anti-Semitic in outlook. Communal aggression and a craving for plunder was given opportunity to exercise itself by official sanctions by these anti-Jewish governments.

Pretexts for hatred of the Jews ….contd..

       After the revolutionary outbreaks in various European centres (1848-49), such as Milan,Sicily, Paris, Venice, Berlin,Vienna, Bavaria  and Hungary, it was thought by some writers that the Jews were sponsoring or supporting dangerous,nationalistic ideologies. As the century wore on Jews were associated with liberal, radical, socialist and finally, communist ideals. Of course, other Jews were freely engaged in capitalist ventures as entrepreneurs. Some writers put forward the paradox that if Jews could be expelled from Germany and France then both capitalism and socialism could be overthrown.

        A new focus for hatred of the Jews appeared after the Russian revolution of 1917.  The prominence of several Jews, such as Marx (an apostate Jew), Trotsky, Radek, Kamenev, Zinoviev and Bela Kuhn in Hungary was taken as proof that Bolshevism was Jewish in origin and nature. The Communist International and the leadership of the Bolshevist movement was thought to be entirely in the hands of Jews, and the fear of an “eastern Bolshevist assault “  became the basis of much of  the national-socialist ideology in Germany in the 1920-30’s

       All these phobias became fused into an ominous phantasmagoria in Germany in the early 20th.century where the mixed illusions appeared as Jews, Masons, Bolsheviks, international capitalists, atheists and arch conspirators, all of whom formulated their plots in “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion” after 1905. Much of this fantasy script is a direct plagiarism of a work of 1865 written by M.Joly. The compiling of this work was done by Ratshkovsky ( an agent of the Russian secret police- the Ochrana), and it became the veritable document which created the warrant for the Holocaust .

   TO BE CONTINUED…

Pretexts used for the hatred of the Jews…contd…

     Jews were frequently proficient in many trades and crafts, but because the relevant guilds excluded them, they often had to resort to financial dealing and banking for the courts of princely rulers. Trades people also treated them as economic rivals with allegiance to a “different “ culture.

    Because Jews, even “converted”  Jews pursued a different life-style from others in Christianised Europe their lack of conformity engendered suspicion, which was given some substance by the Jews’ self-induced exclusivity and ghetto mentality. Christians in medieval Europe rigidly observed its three main celebrations and its numerous saints’ and holy days, while the Jews proclaimed their dissonance in their feasts,- Passover, Weeks, Tabernacles, Trumpets, the day of Atonement, Purim and Hanukka. The Jewish observance of the Sabbath rest and the evident work and business activity on the first day (Sunday) provoked more discord between them and their host societies.

    Resentment of the Jews’ competence in finance and money-lending, and their association,- and even employment,- with many ruling houses in medieval Europe as “court Jews” caused a vague distrust of Jews among the poor in society.

   The old resentments against the Jews grew into a nameless fear of their power and influence, prompted by a feeling of inferiority and impotence because of the Jews’ remarkable successes and survivals through many centuries of suffering, pogroms and expulsions. Their many accomplishments in the realms of commerce,finance,medicine, the arts, science, philosophy, economics, and a general acuity in the reasoning processes,- itself the outcome of centuries of close study of the scriptures and rabbinic writings,- all these factors aroused an envy and a subconscious fear of a “Jewish ascendancy “ in late medieval Europe. This phobia found expression in the myths on which the Protocols of the Elders of Zion were founded.

   Jews in the 19th. century came into view in a new light: they were then seen as a threat to the racial purity of the Nordic or Teutonic peoples of Germany and Austria, where an “Aryan myth “ was voiced by some writers. The Jews were considered to be “Orientals” who would weaken the purity of “Aryan blood”. This had some resemblance to the fear which arose among the Spanish nobility in the 16th.century because of the presence of alien blood traits in society. The emphasis on a racial dissimilarity was supported by a form of social Darwinism, which upheld the theory that the Teutonic peoples had evolved as the superior race over many generations.

   A  strange feature of this so-called racial difference between Jews and northern Europeans  was the physiological distinction which was thought to exist between them , coupled with with medieval fantasies that the Jews were lecherous and emanated a distinct smell ,- the “foetor Judaicus.”

     After the gradual emancipation of the Jews from their civil disabilities in the 19th. and early 20th. centuries they achieved a new status of equality. Many enterprising Jews became socially mobile and aroused some resentment; they were seen as the latest parvenues.  Despite this, many Jews plied their trades in lowly and despised positions.

A RANDOM COLLECTION OF THE PRETEXTS USED FOR HATRED OF THE JEWS…contd….

       Hatred of the Jews developed in medieval Europe as a release valve for the disadvantaged  and oppressed lower classes in society in the midst of the tensions imposed on them by autocratic rulers. This form of antagonism against the Jews re-appeared in the period 1920-1940 in Europe, where autocratic regimes took control in many national states where imperial rulers had been discarded in the chaos which followed World War 1.  The Jews in medieval Europe were perceived as a vulnerable,defenceless minority, often confined in the ghettoes prescribed by the authorities. The Jews were given the mantle of the medieval scapegoat, who suffered, vicariously but not voluntarily, in times of war, famine or depression.

    Jews were sometimes accused of being traitors within a host society , and lacking in genuine patriotism,eg.- the “betrayal “ of Spain into the hands of invading Moors, or the “invitation” given to the Mongols to invade S.E. Europe.

    Those Jews engaged in commerce were often vilified as exploiters of the poor through profiteering and the practice of usury, a system forbidden in medieval Europe.  To increase capital by means of usury aroused great resentment among Muslim communities, where this was forbidden by the Koran ,viz.  “Those who devour usury shall not rise again except as he rises, whom Satan of the touch prostrates; that is because they say,” Trafficking is like usury; God has permitted trafficking , and forbidden usury.” (Koran , sura 2 (276.)

       TO BE CONTINUED…

Hatred of the Jew….a summary of the pretexts used….contd…

    The Jews suffered during several deportations into varying degrees of bondage,- into Assyria in 721, into Babylon during 597-581, and throughout the lands surrounding the  Mediterranean in 70 A.D.,followed by a final “dispersion” after the revolt in 135 A.D.  The many expulsions they endured in Europe ensured that the Jews remained a minority group in their host countries, and being without a national state or a means of defence, they subsisted in highly vulnerable enclaves and ghettoes throughout medieval Europe.

    Jewish insistence on observing their ceremonial laws was resolved under the guidance of the Holy Spirit during the council of Jerusalem (52 A.D.) for all Christian converts. But Judaism’s attachment to its ancient rituals became a cause for continuous accusation by ancient theologians, who saw the dangers of a reversion to legalism, textualism and ritualism in the incipient church, which generally was eager to escape from a bondage to outward “forms.”

     The first Christian writers saw the Jews as a people enslaved or wedded to their rabbinic interpretations of the Torah, that is, the Talmud and its associated commentaries. The were despised as being slaves to the Law and devoid of the inner light of faith, which is the grace gift of the Holy Spirit. Some Christian converts yearned for the observances of the Mosaic law, and so drew  hostility upon themselves within the Church.

   The writings of some of the “fathers” in the church emphasised the struggles of the faithful remnant in the Israel of the Old Testament  as they lived in the midst of the recalcitrant and disobedient race. That race was thought to be congenitally perverse and wayward.

    There was adverse reaction towards the Jews by those who adhered to the ancient, pagan cults of Egypt, Greece, Rome and Babylon because of the Biblical doctrine of the divine election of the Jews. The ancient world saw this as an evidence of a concealed arrogance and religious conceit.

   Judaism became grounded in the Talmud and was seen as the antithesis of Christian salvation by the grace offered to all mankind through faith in the atoning sacrifice made by Jesus Christ on the cross. Salvation is the gift of God ,- it is received in faith, which itself is a gift from God. It was realised in the early church that Judaism was an empty and spiritually cursed human method  of achieving salvation through human effort, or the “works of the flesh”. Judaism was associated with legalism in religion and was inveighed against as a threat to the Christian’s faith in Christ alone. “Judaizers” were thought to be doing the work of the devil.

     The Jewish leaders had rejected Jesus as their Messiah, and it was concluded that the whole of the Jewish people was an accomplice in the injustice and sufferings inflicted upon Jesus Christ. The “fathers” of the church therefore deduced that God had also rejected the Jews as the “chosen people”. The sufferings and disgrace which enveloped the Jews after their failed rebellions in 67-70 A.D.and 135 A.D. were thought to be rightful punishments inflicted by God.

    Soon all Jews were assimilated under one banner as betrayers and crucifiers of the Son of God, – the incarnate God. The Jewish race was thought by many of the “fathers” of the church as abandoned  by God and subject to His curse until the second coming of the Lord from heaven. Neighbours of Jewish groups felt that they had sanction to abuse, harass and curse the “rejected “ race.

Hatred of the Jew…a summary of the pretexts used…contd..

  In ancient and medieval societies the Jews were exhorted by their mentors in the faith,- prophets, teachers of the law and rabbis,-to avoid compromise with their idolatrous and immoral neighbours. The consequence was that the Jews were then perceived as misanthropic, aloof and contemptuous of all Gentile aspects of life-style. This engendered many unfounded suspicions and distrust of all Jewish people in these early centuries.

   Judaism was often misunderstood or misrepresented by some classical authors, who concluded, without evidence, that its worship and rituals gave a special place to animals; the pig was even thought by some to be a sacred animal in Jewish worship rituals.

     Living in the midst of the polytheism which pervaded the ancient world a suspicion arose because of Judaism’s strange, monotheistic faith. Yet, the monotheism of Christianity gradually found acceptance in the Roman world, even before the time of Constantine because of the spirit-inspired witness of the first Christian converts to faith in Jesus Christ. The monotheism of Islam throughout North Africa, the near East and beyond was achieved by force of arms and intimidation from the 8th. century onwards. These faiths never aroused such suspicion, but the abnormality of the faith of the Jews in their One ethical God remained a source of fear in their pagan neighbours.

     Jewish exclusiveness was interpreted in their host societies as an hostility towards any culture or life-style which was non-Jewish.

    TO BE CONTINUED..

A Call to the Churches…Repent !

   “ This failure by the French Church in its responsibility towards the Jewish people is part of our history. We confess our sins and we implore God’s pardon and we ask the Jewish people to listen to this word of repentance.”

    Bishop of Saint-Denis,  Oliver de Berranger, speaking in Drancy, 1997.

 

       THE LEAST OF THESE MY BRETHREN … WHAT HAVE WE DONE TO THEM ?  

        “In the last days many Christians will awaken. They will see what they have done ,- injured and persecuted the chosen people of God. Just as the Jews will break out in lamentation “ when they look on Him whom they have pierced “  and “ shall mourn for Him , as one mourns for an only child, and weep bitterly over Him, as one weeps over a first-born .”(Zech. ch.12,v.10), so will Christians on their part be filled with grief and lamentation for having afflicted the people dear to God.

   But ten it will be too late to show them kindness. Now is the time for the New Testament people to awaken – now before the last hour comes, and with it judgement.  Today let us take our place at Jesus’ side and look upon His people with His eyes, full of love and mercy. Then our hearts would ache to see this chosen people of God wandering through the centuries, wretched, despised, shunned, ostracized and afflicted with pain like the suffering Servant in Isaiah ch.53. Then, looking on them, we would be reminded of Him.

I    Israel, unintentionally and unwittingly, has become a spectacle before heaven and mankind, because she bears the features of the Servant of God. The sight of her should continually remind Christians of Jesus, despised,destitute, covered with bruises, afflicted, hated, persecuted, tormented, and hounded to death. Even if these marks borne by the people of God also betoken the chastening  hand of God stretched out in judgement on sinners, the fact remains that by these very dealings God proclaims  Himself to be the Holy One of Israel.

     …Where was the good Samaritan when when the Jews among the robbers ? Where was the Christian church, which is supposed to follow His example ? Apart from the odd Christian here and there who secretly sheltered Jews in his home or helped them in other ways, the Christians in general failed in the hour of Israel’s greatest need. It became evident that the Christian church was not like Jesus nor a true disciple of His. Instead of acting like the good Samaritan, it passed by on the other side like the priest and the Levite  )Luke ch.10). We know that Jesus pronounced His woe upon the scribes and Pharisees . That woe is also upon us.”

     M. Basilea Schlink, “Israel, My Chosen People.” –Kanaan Publications, 2000. pp.39-43.

A call to the churches of Europe- Repent !

   CONTINUED…”   I  say  and maintain  that  the fate of  Israel did not take on a truly inhuman character until the 4th. century A.D. with coming of the Christian Empire. This is an additional reason why Christians who value religious liberty should be especially sensitive to oppression of the Jewish community.”

    Jules Isaac, “ Has Anti-Semitism Roots in Christianity ?”  National  Conference of Christians and Jews, –New York, 1961, p. 45.

     “In the final  analysis there can be no debate. There are too many signs that stake out the permanence, the importance and the gravity of Christian anti-Semitism : contempt, calumnies, animosity, segregation, forced baptisms, appropriation of children, unjust trials, pogroms, exiles, systematic persecutions, thefts and repine, hatred- open or concealed, social degradation.

F. Lovsky,-“Antisemitisme et mystere d’ Israel.” Michel,Paris. 1955,.p.116.

     A  ROMAN CATHOLIC PRAYER OF REPENTANCE.

    “We recognise today that many centuries of blindness have veiled our eyes so that we no longer see the beauty of your chosen people and no longer recognise the features of our first-born brother. We know now that the mark of Cain is on our forehead. Over the course of centuries our brother Abel has lain in the blood we have spilled and has wept tears which we have caused because we forgoy your love. Forgive us for the curse which we unjustly placed on the name of Jews. Forgive us for crucifying you a second time. For we knew not what we were doing.”

         Pope John, xx111, speaking in 1963.

  TO BE CONTINUED..

APPENDICES….Some voices calling for repentance… a call to the churches of Europe : Repent !

      BEFORE THE TRIBUNAL OF HISTORY.

    “ What have you done to us, you freedom-loving peoples, guardians of justice, defenders of the high principles of democracy and of the brotherhood of man ? What have you allowed to be perpetrated against a defenceless people while you stood aside and let it bleed to death,  without offering help or succour, without calling on the fiends to stop, in the language of retribution which alone they would understand. Why do profane our pain and wrath with empty expressions of sympathy which ring like mockery in the ears of millions of the damned in the torture house of Nazi Europe ? Why have you not even supplied arms to our ghetto rebels , as you have done for the partisans and underground fighters of other nations ? Why did you not establish contacts with them, as have done in the case of the partisans in Greece and Yugoslavia  and the underground movements elsewhere ? If, instead of Jews, thousands of  English,American or Rusian women, children,and aged had been tortured every day, burnt to death, asphyxiated in gas chambers – would you have acted in the same way ?”

          Ben Gurion, part of an article in the Zionist Review., 22nd. September, 1944.

 

           “Christianity in Germany bears a greater responsibility before God than the National Socialists, the S.S. and the Gestapo. We ought to have recognised the Lord Jesus in the brother who suffered and was persecuted despite his being a Communist or a Jew.”

       Pastor Martin Niemoller, speaking in Zurich, March, 1946.

 

    “ I must make heard the indignant protest of the Christian conscience and I proclaim that all men, Aryan or non-Aryan, are brothers, because they are created by the same God,,,, the current anti-Semitic measures are in contempt of human dignity, a violation of the most sacred rights of the individual and the family.”

    Bishop Pierre- Marie Theas, speaking of the deportation of French Jews, September, 1942.

       “Guilt lies with the Nazis….But  can we escape blame if, having it in our power to do smething to save the victims, we fail to take the necessary action, and take it swiftly ? …if the British and American governments were determined to achieve a programme of rescue in some way commensurate with the vastness of need , they could do it. “

     Bishop George Bell, bishop of Chichester,speaking on 18th. May, 1943.

Summary…contd…

    A  CHARLES WESLEY HYMN..-

     “Them, snatched out of the flame, Through every nation send, The true Messiah to proclaim, The universal Friend; That all the God unknown May learn of Jews to adore, And see the glory in Thy Son, Till time shall be no more.”

   “ O that the chosen band Might now their brethren bring, And, gathered out of every land, Present to Zion’s King ! Of all the ancient race Not one be left behind, But each, impelled by secret grace, His way to Canaan find.

   “We know it must be done , For God hath spoke the word; All Israel shall the Saviour own, To their first state restored; Rebuilt by His command, Jerusalem shall rise; Her temple on mount Moriah stand Again, and touch the skies.”

   “Send them Thy servants forth, To call the Hebrews home; From east,and west, and south and north. Let all the wanderers come; Where’er  in lands unknown The fugitives remain, Bid every creature help them on, Thy holy mount to gain.

      “An offering to their God, There let them all be seen, Sprinkled with the water and the blood, In soul and body clean; With Israel’s myriads sealed,  Let all the nations meet, Ans show the mystery fulfilled, Thy family complete.!”

Summary…contd….

 

   Perhaps the most apt, poignant and prophetic appeals reach us through the pens of the poets and hymn  writers of the past.;-

    William Cowper ( 1731- 1800)  wrote ;-

      “Oh Israel ! of all nations most undone, Thy diadem displaced, thy sceptre gone; Cry aloud, thou that sittest in the dust, Cry to the proud, the cruel, the unjust ! Knock at the gates of the nations, rouse their fears, Say wrath is coming, and the storm appears, But raise the shrillest cry in British ears.”

     And Charles Wesley wrote in the Wesleyan hymn book of 1799  :   “Almighty God of love, Set up the attracting sign, And summon whom Thou dost approve For messengers divine From favoured Abraham’s seed The new apostles choose, In isles and continents to spread the dead –reviving news.